At a stretch, you could use Pokorny’s Indo-European dictionary to move forward, although it won’t move terribly much forward: you’d have to do the work of getting from Old English to Modern English yourself.
I’m not aware of such dictionaries myself, though I’d be surprised if someone hasn’t done one. These days, your best bet would be the text of an English Dictionary that allowed its etymologies to be searchable. Or, as Lotte Meester has pointed out, Wiktionary.
There is one major similarity between the Old Cyrillic and Greek alphabets: originally, both were (mostly) phonemic, but several of the distinct sounds represented by different letters merged later on, so that there was two or more ways of representing the same phoneme with different letters. So the letter Yat seems to have originally represented /æ/; its sound merged with /e/ in Russian, so that /e/ was written as both <Ѣ> and <е>.
In the same way, Greek for instance, used to have different pronunciations for <ω> and <ο>, /ɔː/ and /o/; Greek lost its quantity and quality distinctions, so to this day there are two ways of writing /o/: <ω> and <ο>.
On the other hand, the two different ways of writing /i/ in Old Cyrillic, <и> and <і>, were not comparable to Greek—they were inherited from Greek, where <η> and <ι> had already merged in pronunciation. Old Russian orthography had worked out rules for when to use one and when to use the other (Dotted I (Cyrillic) – Wikipedia); but those rules were artificial:
In the early Cyrillic alphabet, there was little or no distinction between the Cyrillic letter i (И и), derived from the Greek letter eta, and the soft-dotted letter i. They both remained in the alphabetical repertoire since they represented different numbers in the Cyrillic numeral system, eight and ten, respectively. They are, therefore, sometimes referred to as octal I and decimal I.
Nick Nicholas’ answer to Has Quora ever hired people to ask questions on a particular topic?
Posted 14 hours ago
One of Upwork’s Enterprise clients urgently needs a Talented Writer.
[…]
This role requires 10-20 hours per week, all remote.
Responsibilities:
Write interesting and thoughtful questions in an assigned field that many people may be interested in knowing the answer to. These questions are intended to be answered by writers on Quora with knowledge of these topicsThings we look for include:
Bachelors degree, or working toward one
Excellent written and verbal communication skills
Strong editorial judgement and attention to detail
Interest in either personal finance or the wedding industry (or both)
Organization and efficiency
Ability to work independently with minimal direction* Must be based/located in the US
Please attach a copy of your CV/Resume in PDF format once you apply.
Thank you and Happy Working ![…]
Activity on this Job
Proposals: Less than 5
Last Viewed by Client: 5 hours ago
Interviewing: 3
Invites Sent: 42
Unanswered Invites: 34
I wonder if putting this up will get me in trouble. Then again, it’s not like a certain company in Mountain View is particularly coy about putting ads up on Upwork. (Clients on Upwork in fact are normally quite secretive about who they are.)
Thank you, and Happy Working!
(They left out “we’re excited to announce…”)
Because societal taboos have changed in the West. Formerly, prurience was taboo and racism was commonplace. Now, prurience is commonplace and racism is taboo.
And that is not a value judgement. It’s just an observation. Just because something was a taboo doesn’t mean it was a bad thing. And just because something is a taboo doesn’t mean it is a good thing.
But then again, I share the modern rather than the older set of moral values. So I would say that.
Translation to Federation Standard follows:
yItamchoH jay’ ’ej HuchwIj yItlhap! nuqDaq jIqI’?
mach tlhIngan Hol mu’ghom, ’ej tlhIngan Hol Quora tu’lu’chugh, pIj DIvI’ Hol mu’mey lo’lu’ net pIH. jIHvaD qay’be’.
cha’ Seng vIpIHlaH:
Shut up and take my money! Where do I sign up?
The Klingon vocabulary is small, and if a Klingon Quora were used, people would often end up borrowing English vocabulary. That’s not a problem for me.
I anticipate two problems:
It’s been thousands of years since the Greeks held Istanbul. The Byzantine Empire succeeded the Roman Empire, so it doesn’t count as Greek.
To its contemporaries at least before 1204, and maybe even afterwards, perhaps not. To objective historians sceptical of notions of ethnic continuity and romantic nationalism, perhaps not. To the people who claim Byzantium as part of their past, and who looked to the Patriarch of Constantinople as their leader throughout their time in the Rum Millet—of course it counts.
That, and everything I had to say about the subject in: Nick Nicholas’ answer to Do modern Greek people feel that Istanbul/Constantinople belongs to them?
There is a reason that why and what are spelled with an <h>, and that’s it:
Pronunciation of English ⟨wh⟩ – Wikipedia
It is now most commonly pronounced /w/, the same as a plain initial ⟨w⟩, although some dialects, particularly those of Scotland, Ireland, and the Southern United States, retain the traditional pronunciation /hw/, generally realized as [ʍ], a voiceless “w” sound. The process by which the historical /hw/ has become /w/ in most modern varieties of English is called the wine–whine merger.
…
The merger is essentially complete in England, Wales, the West Indies, South Africa, Australia, and in the speech of young speakers in New Zealand. The merger is not found, however, in Scotland, nor in most of Ireland (although the distinction is usually lost in Belfast and some other urban areas of Northern Ireland), nor in the speech of older speakers in New Zealand.
Most speakers in the United States and Canada have the merger. According to Labov, Ash, and Boberg (2006: 49), while there are regions of the U.S. (particularly in the Southeast) where speakers keeping the distinction are about as numerous as those having the merger, there are no regions where the preservation of the distinction is predominant (see map). Throughout the U.S. and Canada, about 83% of respondents in the survey had the merger completely, while about 17% preserved at least some trace of the distinction.
The merger seems to have been present in the south of England as early as the 13th century. It was unacceptable in educated speech, however, until the late 18th century. Nowadays there is not generally any stigma attached to either pronunciation. Some RP speakers may use /hw/ for ⟨wh⟩, a usage widely considered “correct, careful and beautiful”, but this is usually a conscious choice rather than a natural part of the speaker’s accent.
A portrayal of the regional retention of the distinct wh- sound is found in the speech of the character Frank Underwood, a South Carolina politician, in the American television series House of Cards. The show King of the Hill pokes fun at the issue through character Hank Hill’s use of the hypercorrected [hʍ] pronunciation. A similar gag can be found in several episodes of Family Guy, with Brian becoming annoyed by Stewie’s over-emphasis of the /hw/ sound in his pronunciation of “Cool hWhip” and “hWil hWheaton“.
I’ve been here long enough to be shocked by a number of departures, voluntary or forced.
Sappho, in both the original and translation, is in fact served very well online; Robert Todd and Michael Masiello have given the free links.
For subscription sites (which individuals can subscribe to, and universities will subscribe to), see Loeb Classical Library, which has the bilingual texts of the hardcopy, and my erstwhile employer the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, featuring my morphological analyses.
I was a child in Greece, 1979–1983, and maybe not the best informed source of information on attitudes toward the North at the time. I know that in socialist circles, the notion of “The Northern Threat” (ο εκ του Βορρά κίνδυνος) was often ridiculed—surely everyone knew the Turks were the real enemy, within NATO, and not anyone in the Warsaw Pact.
Tito’s vague plans for a Macedonian Federation in the Greek Civil War did not figure in the popular imagination. Any notion of an actual Northern Threat in popular culture, in my experience, focussed on Bulgaria, with which Greece had actual hostilities in the early and middle 20th century, not Yugoslavia. I was in Crete though; Dimitra Triantafyllidou may have had a more granular understanding, being closer to them.
There was little rhetoric of Brother Serbs and Fellow Orthodox at the time; but there was a clear sense that Yugoslavia was the least bad of the three northern neighbours, and that we didn’t mind Tito. Tito’s death in 1981 was certainly a big deal.